<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-22T12:17:05Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:mountainscholar.org:10217/237540" metadataPrefix="dim">https://api.mountainscholar.org/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:mountainscholar.org:10217/237540</identifier><datestamp>2025-12-30T03:11:31Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_10217_100532</setSpec><setSpec>com_10217_100000</setSpec><setSpec>com_10217_100503</setSpec><setSpec>com_10217_100303</setSpec><setSpec>col_10217_100538</setSpec><setSpec>col_10217_100504</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Acosta, Sylvia J., author</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author">Rosén, Lee A., advisor</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2024-03-13T18:14:52Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2024-03-13T18:14:52Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued">2008</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier">ETDF_Acosta_2008_3332767.pdf</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https://hdl.handle.net/10217/237540</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https://doi.org/10.25675/3.018285</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract">This study examines factors related to Mexican American gang involvement in rural communities. Data for this study were obtained from a larger, cross sectional study on adolescent drug use in rural areas. Survey data from a total of 746 males (373 gang members and 373 non-gang members) and 290 females (145 gang members and 145 non-gang members) were analyzed regarding factors of parental caring and family caring, parental permissiveness, religiosity, mental health factors, and alcohol and marijuana use. It was hypothesized that low levels of parental caring and low levels of religiosity would be associated with gang membership. Mental health factors such as low self-esteem and high anger and depression were also expected to be risk factors for gang membership. Logistic regression was used to identify key risk factors related to joining a gang for Mexican American males and females. For males, alcohol and marijuana use, having caring parents and family, parental permissiveness, and anger were significantly related to gang involvement in the analysis. For females, the same variables with the addition of age were significantly related to gang involvement. Religiosity, self-esteem, and depression were not associated with gang involvement in this study. Implications for gang prevention and intervention planning for rural communities are discussed.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="medium">born digital</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="medium">doctoral dissertations</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language">English</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso">eng</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher">Colorado State University. Libraries</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="relation" qualifier="ispartof">2000-2019</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights">Copyright and other restrictions may apply. User is responsible for compliance with all applicable laws. For information about copyright law, please see https://libguides.colostate.edu/copyright.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" qualifier="license">Per the terms of a contractual agreement, all use of this item is limited to the non-commercial use of Colorado State University and its authorized users.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">family</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">gang</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">gender differences</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">Hispanic</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">Hispanic/Latino</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">Latino</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">Mexican-American</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">rural communities</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">youth gang</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">social psychology</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">individual and family studies</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject">Hispanic American studies</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title">Factors associated with rural Mexican American gang activity</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="type">Text</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="thesis" element="degree" qualifier="name">Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="thesis" element="degree" qualifier="level">Doctoral</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="thesis" element="degree" qualifier="discipline">Psychology</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="thesis" element="degree" qualifier="grantor">Colorado State University</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dcterms" element="rights" qualifier="dpla">This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights (https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/). You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="others" element="access-status">open.access</dim:field>
</dim:dim>
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